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Doral, Florida - President Donald Trump and Secretary of State Marco Rubio have revived the Monroe Doctrine, supplemented now by the Trump Corollary, in the American Hemisphere. See here. The Monroe Doctrine was first proclaimed by President James Monroe and Secretary of State John Quincy Adams in 1823. It is not a law, but a principle of American public policy that foreign powers, whether from Europe, the Middle East or Asia, should stay out of the American Hemisphere.
In 1904 President Theodore Roosevelt supported a secessionist movement in Colombia’s Panama province and helped establish the Republic of Panama. Thereafter America built the Panama Canal, which opened in 1914. He also added the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, proclaiming that America would act as an international police force when Latin American governments became unstable or indebted, such as in the Dominican Republic, Nicaragua and Haiti.
The Monroe Doctrine was ignored by President John Kennedy, advised by his brother Attorney General Bobby Kennedy, when he allowed Russia to gain a foothold in the American Hemisphere as a result of permitting the failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961 and the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962.
President Jimmy Carter further continued the Democrat abandonment of the Monroe Doctrine in 1977 by giving away the Panama Canal, built by America, to Panama. When a large capital asset is given to a small power, it seldom stays under the possession of that power. As a result, in 2017 the Chinese Empire started to infiltrate Panama, bribing all the necessary government officials, and when the second Trump administration was inaugurated in 2025, China operated both ends of the Panama Canal. This control would have allowed China to deny access to American forces during any conflict in the Western Pacific or elsewhere
Finally in 2013 during the second Obama administration, Secretary of State John Kerry declared at a meeting in Washington of the Organizations of American States that “the era of the Monroe Doctrine is over.” He proposed that all republics in the American Hemisphere should operate as equals and share responsibilities. Thereby he was rejecting American exceptionalism, and proposing that all republics in the American Hemisphere share values and interests.
Supporters of the Monroe Doctrine understand that the republics in the American Hemisphere are not the same in their values and interests, and especially not in their political cultures and institutions. The American republic is exceptional in preserving the freedom of its citizens, through a Constitutional order that provides for limited government by the separation of powers, checks and balances, and a federal system. The rest of the republics in the American Hemisphere have seen their governmental powers go unchecked and the freedom of their citizens be trampled.
In 2025 on the anniversary of the initial proclamation of the Monroe Doctrine, the Trump administration announced the Trump Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. This message proclaimed that “after years of neglect,” America will “reassert and enforce the Monroe Doctrine to restore American preeminence in the Western Hemisphere.” See here. The message of the Trump Corollary is that America will deny foreign powers the stationing of any armed forces or any other “threat capabilities,” or to own or control any strategically vital assets, in the American Hemisphere.
The Trump Corollary combines President Trump’s primary policy of border control to prevent illegal immigration, with the related policies of drug interdiction, fighting leftist subversion, trade agreements, and related matters within the American Hemisphere. America cannot control the flow of illegal immigration without also controlling the territories in the American Hemisphere from which it flows.
In furtherance of these policy concerns, America has formed the “Shield of the Americas” forum, combining like-minded republics to battle drug trafficking and leftist subversion. These republics include not only America, but also Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guyana, Honduras, Panama, Paraguay and Trinidad & Tobago. See here. Colombia and Peru will likely join soon, but Mexico and Brazil remain outside. Brazil will have a presidential election next month, which will determine whether it may join later.
Commonwealth Status
The constitutional status of the adjoining republics and territories covered by the Monroe Doctrine is also a concern of American foreign policy. There is no point in liberating them if they are not able to remain free, as has happened in Cuba since 1959, Venezuela from 1999 to this year, and Nicaragua since 2007, for example. As a result, a new constitutional model is needed, and the Commonwealth Status of Puerto Rico may serve as a useful model.
1. Puerto Rico is an unincorporated organized territory of the American republic, governed by Congress under the territorial clause of the American Constitution, Article IV, Section 3. The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico is not a sovereign republic, but a “free associated state.” It is associated with America, but it is not a State of the Union, and it is free.
2. This Commonwealth Status is already the case, “de facto” if not “de jure,” in the Republic of Panama. America intervened militarily in 1989 to remove its drug-trafficking dictator, and threatened to do so again in 2025 to remove China from operating the Panama Canal.
3. The other candidates for Commonwealth Status include the Republic of Venezuela, now governed by an interim-government approved by America, as well as the Republics of Cuba and Nicaragua, when they are liberated shortly. These republics have shown their inability to preserve their freedom, and need to become associated with America in order to do so.
4. This model may also be extended to include the Danish territory of Greenland, which is needed by America for defense against hypersonic missiles launched from Russia.
5. Another candidate is the Province of Alberta, which will vote on secession from Canada next month. This province may transition to a sovereign republic, as was the case with the Texas Republic, before associating with America. Other Canadian provinces that may follow include Saskatchewan and Manitoba.
New policies and practices often require new legal and constitutional models. Adapting the Commonwealth Status to the republics and territories in America’s near abroad is likely to be needed in order to implement fully the Monroe Doctrine with the Trump Corollary.
